What is the difference between 'stand-on' and 'give-way' vessels?

• A. Stand-on keeps its course and speed; give-way must take early and substantial action to avoid collision.
• B. Stand-on must change course to starboard; give-way must stop.
• C. Stand-on should always turn to port to avoid collision.
• D. Stand-on and give-way both maintain course.

Answer: (A)

The main idea here is who is expected to maneuver to avoid a potential collision. Stand-on vessels keep their course and speed, continuing as they are unless it becomes clear that the other vessel is not taking appropriate action or a change is needed to avoid danger. Give-way vessels must take early and substantial action to prevent a collision, which usually means changing course and/or reducing speed so there’s a safe passage clear of the stand-on vessel. The exact maneuver depends on the situation; there isn’t a universal requirement to turn in a particular direction. In contrast, the stand-on vessel should not automatically turn or stop; it should maintain its path unless safety requires a change.