Which scenario best illustrates applying the 'avoid collision' obligation under the Rules?

• A. Relying solely on the other vessel to change course.
• B. Halting all movement in congested waters.
• C. Ignoring signals and continuing as planned.
• D. Adjusting course and speed as necessary to pass safely with another vessel.

Answer: (D)

Under the collision avoidance rule, you must take early and substantial action to avoid a risk of collision, using all available means, and neither vessel should rely on the other to maneuver for you. The best illustration is adjusting course and speed as necessary to pass safely with another vessel. This shows taking proactive control of the situation to create a safe passing clearance rather than waiting for the other vessel to move or doing nothing. Relying on the other vessel to change course is passive and dangerous if they don’t respond in time. Halting all movement in congested waters can create more hazards and isn’t a practical or safe maneuver. Ignoring signals and continuing as planned violates basic safety rules and increases the risk of collision. By actively altering your course and speed, you demonstrate the required proactive, coordinated approach to avoid a collision.